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| Unknown | 1988-01-01 | 11.6 KB |
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| Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
|---|
| 100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 00 10 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.... | |
|00000010| d0 52 4f 47 52 41 4d 4d | 49 4e 47 0d 20 20 20 20 |.ROGRAMM|ING. |
|00000020| 20 20 20 57 49 54 48 20 | cd 41 43 48 49 4e 45 20 | WITH |.ACHINE |
|00000030| cc 41 4e 47 55 41 47 45 | 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 |.ANGUAGE|..... |
|00000040| 28 43 29 31 39 38 37 20 | 42 59 20 d2 4f 42 45 52 |(C)1987 |BY .OBER|
|00000050| 54 20 d2 4f 43 4b 45 46 | 45 4c 4c 45 52 0d 20 20 |T .OCKEF|ELLER. |
|00000060| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 4e | | AN|
|00000070| 44 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 d5 50 d4 49 |D. | .P.I|
|00000080| 4d 45 20 cd 41 47 41 5a | 49 4e 45 0d 20 20 20 20 |ME .AGAZ|INE. |
|00000090| 20 20 20 20 c1 4c 4c 20 | d2 49 47 48 54 53 20 d2 | .LL |.IGHTS .|
|000000a0| 45 53 45 52 56 45 44 0d | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ESERVED.|. |
|000000b0| 20 20 20 20 20 d0 55 42 | 4c 49 53 48 45 44 20 42 | .UB|LISHED B|
|000000c0| 59 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | d3 4f 46 54 44 49 53 4b |Y. |.OFTDISK|
|000000d0| 20 d0 55 42 4c 49 53 48 | 49 4e 47 2c 20 c9 4e 43 | .UBLISH|ING, .NC|
|000000e0| 2e 00 20 20 20 20 20 c2 | 45 47 49 4e 4e 49 4e 47 |.. .|EGINNING|
|000000f0| 20 54 48 49 53 20 4d 4f | 4e 54 48 2c 20 41 20 4e | THIS MO|NTH, A N|
|00000100| 45 57 20 43 4f 4c 55 4d | 4e 20 44 45 56 4f 54 45 |EW COLUM|N DEVOTE|
|00000110| 44 20 54 4f 20 4d 41 43 | 48 49 4e 45 2d 4c 41 4e |D TO MAC|HINE-LAN|
|00000120| 47 55 41 47 45 20 50 52 | 4f 47 52 41 4d 4d 49 4e |GUAGE PR|OGRAMMIN|
|00000130| 47 20 4f 4e 20 54 48 45 | 20 c3 36 34 20 4d 41 4b |G ON THE| .64 MAK|
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|00000190| 20 59 4f 55 2c 20 4f 55 | 52 20 52 45 41 44 45 52 | YOU, OU|R READER|
|000001a0| 53 2e 20 20 c9 46 20 59 | 4f 55 20 57 41 4e 54 20 |S. .F Y|OU WANT |
|000001b0| 54 4f 20 53 45 45 20 41 | 20 43 45 52 54 41 49 4e |TO SEE A| CERTAIN|
|000001c0| 20 53 55 42 4a 45 43 54 | 20 43 4f 56 45 52 45 44 | SUBJECT| COVERED|
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|00000220| 20 20 20 d7 45 20 50 4c | 41 4e 20 54 4f 20 42 45 | .E PL|AN TO BE|
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|00000240| 43 54 4f 52 59 20 54 4f | 50 49 43 53 20 53 55 43 |CTORY TO|PICS SUC|
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|00000260| 54 45 52 20 54 45 52 4d | 49 4e 4f 4c 4f 47 59 2c |TER TERM|INOLOGY,|
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|000002f0| 4c 4c 20 50 52 4f 47 52 | 45 53 53 20 54 4f 20 4d |LL PROGR|ESS TO M|
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|00000310| 4a 45 43 54 53 2e 20 20 | c9 4e 20 54 48 49 53 20 |JECTS. |.N THIS |
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|00000340| 20 45 41 52 4c 49 45 52 | 20 41 52 54 49 43 4c 45 | EARLIER| ARTICLE|
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|00000370| 45 58 50 45 52 54 2c 20 | 54 48 45 20 43 4f 4c 55 |EXPERT, |THE COLU|
|00000380| 4d 4e 20 57 49 4c 4c 20 | 47 52 4f 57 20 57 49 54 |MN WILL |GROW WIT|
|00000390| 48 20 54 48 45 4d 2e 0d | 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |H THEM..|... |
|000003a0| d4 4f 50 49 43 53 20 46 | 4f 52 20 46 55 54 55 52 |.OPICS F|OR FUTUR|
|000003b0| 45 20 43 4f 4c 55 4d 4e | 53 20 57 49 4c 4c 20 49 |E COLUMN|S WILL I|
|000003c0| 4e 43 4c 55 44 45 3a 0d | 20 31 29 20 c8 4f 57 20 |NCLUDE:.| 1) .OW |
|000003d0| 54 4f 20 55 53 45 20 54 | 48 45 20 c3 36 34 27 53 |TO USE T|HE .64'S|
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|00000410| 45 53 29 2e 0d 20 32 29 | 20 c8 4f 57 20 54 4f 20 |ES).. 2)| .OW TO |
|00000420| 4d 4f 44 49 46 59 20 c2 | c1 d3 c9 c3 2e 0d 20 33 |MODIFY .|...... 3|
|00000430| 29 20 c8 4f 57 20 54 4f | 20 57 52 49 54 45 20 53 |) .OW TO| WRITE S|
|00000440| 49 4d 50 4c 45 20 44 41 | 54 41 42 41 53 45 53 2c |IMPLE DA|TABASES,|
|00000450| 0d 20 20 20 20 57 4f 52 | 44 20 50 52 4f 43 45 53 |. WOR|D PROCES|
|00000460| 53 4f 52 53 2c 20 41 4e | 44 20 53 50 52 45 41 44 |SORS, AN|D SPREAD|
|00000470| 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 53 48 | 45 45 54 53 2e 0d 20 34 |-. SH|EETS.. 4|
|00000480| 29 20 c8 4f 57 20 54 4f | 20 50 52 4f 47 52 41 4d |) .OW TO| PROGRAM|
|00000490| 20 c3 36 34 20 47 52 41 | 50 48 49 43 53 2c 0d 20 | .64 GRA|PHICS,. |
|000004a0| 20 20 20 43 48 41 52 41 | 43 54 45 52 20 53 45 54 | CHARA|CTER SET|
|000004b0| 53 2c 20 41 4e 44 20 54 | 48 45 20 53 4f 55 4e 44 |S, AND T|HE SOUND|
|000004c0| 0d 20 20 20 20 43 48 49 | 50 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 |. CHI|P..... |
|000004d0| 20 20 20 20 20 c3 4f 4d | 50 55 54 45 52 20 c1 52 | .OM|PUTER .R|
|000004e0| 43 48 49 54 45 43 54 55 | 52 45 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |CHITECTU|RE. |
|000004f0| 20 20 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | ......|........|
|00000500| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 0d | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 d7 45 |........|. .E|
|00000510| 42 53 54 45 52 27 53 20 | 44 49 43 54 49 4f 4e 41 |BSTER'S |DICTIONA|
|00000520| 52 59 20 44 45 46 49 4e | 45 53 20 41 52 43 48 49 |RY DEFIN|ES ARCHI|
|00000530| 54 45 43 54 55 52 45 20 | 41 53 3a 0d 20 20 28 31 |TECTURE |AS:. (1|
|00000540| 29 20 d4 48 45 20 41 52 | 54 20 4f 52 20 53 43 49 |) .HE AR|T OR SCI|
|00000550| 45 4e 43 45 20 4f 46 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c |ENCE OF.| PL|
|00000560| 41 4e 4e 49 4e 47 20 41 | 4e 44 20 42 55 49 4c 44 |ANNING A|ND BUILD|
|00000570| 49 4e 47 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 53 54 52 55 43 54 |ING. | STRUCT|
|00000580| 55 52 45 53 2e 0d 20 20 | 28 32 29 20 cd 45 54 48 |URES.. |(2) .ETH|
|00000590| 4f 44 20 4f 52 20 53 54 | 59 4c 45 20 4f 46 20 42 |OD OR ST|YLE OF B|
|000005a0| 55 49 4c 44 49 4e 47 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 c2 |UILDING.|.. .|
|000005b0| 4f 54 48 20 4f 46 20 54 | 48 45 53 45 20 44 45 46 |OTH OF T|HESE DEF|
|000005c0| 49 4e 49 54 49 4f 4e 53 | 20 43 41 4e 20 42 45 20 |INITIONS| CAN BE |
|000005d0| 41 50 50 4c 49 45 44 20 | 54 4f 20 54 48 45 20 43 |APPLIED |TO THE C|
|000005e0| 4f 4e 53 54 52 55 43 54 | 49 4f 4e 20 4f 46 20 43 |ONSTRUCT|ION OF C|
|000005f0| 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 53 | 20 41 53 20 57 45 4c 4c |OMPUTERS| AS WELL|
|00000600| 2c 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 | 49 53 20 57 48 59 20 43 |, WHICH |IS WHY C|
|00000610| 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 20 | 53 43 49 45 4e 54 49 53 |OMPUTER |SCIENTIS|
|00000620| 54 53 20 48 41 56 45 20 | 43 4f 49 4e 45 44 20 54 |TS HAVE |COINED T|
|00000630| 48 45 20 54 45 52 4d 20 | 27 43 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 |HE TERM |'COMPUTE|
|00000640| 52 20 41 52 43 48 49 54 | 45 43 54 55 52 45 27 2e |R ARCHIT|ECTURE'.|
|00000650| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 d7 | 48 45 4e 20 44 49 53 43 |.. .|HEN DISC|
|00000660| 55 53 53 49 4e 47 20 54 | 48 45 20 41 52 43 48 49 |USSING T|HE ARCHI|
|00000670| 54 45 43 54 55 52 45 20 | 4f 46 20 41 20 42 55 49 |TECTURE |OF A BUI|
|00000680| 4c 44 49 4e 47 2c 20 57 | 45 20 4d 49 47 48 54 20 |LDING, W|E MIGHT |
|00000690| 4d 45 4e 54 49 4f 4e 20 | 53 55 43 48 20 54 48 49 |MENTION |SUCH THI|
|000006a0| 4e 47 53 20 41 53 20 54 | 48 45 20 42 55 49 4c 44 |NGS AS T|HE BUILD|
|000006b0| 49 4e 47 27 53 20 53 49 | 5a 45 20 41 4e 44 20 49 |ING'S SI|ZE AND I|
|000006c0| 54 53 20 46 4c 4f 4f 52 | 20 50 4c 41 4e 2e 20 20 |TS FLOOR| PLAN. |
|000006d0| c1 53 20 52 45 4c 41 54 | 45 44 20 54 4f 20 41 20 |.S RELAT|ED TO A |
|000006e0| 43 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 | 2c 20 53 49 5a 45 20 57 |COMPUTER|, SIZE W|
|000006f0| 4f 55 4c 44 20 52 45 46 | 45 52 20 54 4f 20 54 48 |OULD REF|ER TO TH|
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|00000710| 52 59 20 4f 46 20 54 48 | 45 20 4d 41 43 48 49 4e |RY OF TH|E MACHIN|
|00000720| 45 2e 20 20 c9 4e 53 54 | 45 41 44 20 4f 46 20 44 |E. .NST|EAD OF D|
|00000730| 4f 4f 52 53 2c 20 48 41 | 4c 4c 57 41 59 53 2c 20 |OORS, HA|LLWAYS, |
|00000740| 41 4e 44 20 4f 46 46 49 | 43 45 53 2c 20 54 48 45 |AND OFFI|CES, THE|
|00000750| 20 46 4c 4f 4f 52 20 50 | 4c 41 4e 20 57 4f 55 4c | FLOOR P|LAN WOUL|
|00000760| 44 20 52 45 46 45 52 20 | 54 4f 20 54 48 45 20 50 |D REFER |TO THE P|
|00000770| 4c 41 43 45 4d 45 4e 54 | 20 4f 46 20 c9 4e 50 55 |LACEMENT| OF .NPU|
|00000780| 54 2f cf 55 54 50 55 54 | 20 28 c9 2f cf 29 20 50 |T/.UTPUT| (./.) P|
|00000790| 4f 52 54 53 2c 20 48 4f | 57 20 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 |ORTS, HO|W MEMORY|
|000007a0| 20 49 53 20 4f 52 47 41 | 4e 49 5a 45 44 20 28 4d | IS ORGA|NIZED (M|
|000007b0| 45 4d 4f 52 59 20 4d 41 | 4e 41 47 45 4d 45 4e 54 |EMORY MA|NAGEMENT|
|000007c0| 29 2c 20 41 4e 44 20 54 | 48 45 20 4d 49 43 52 4f |), AND T|HE MICRO|
|000007d0| 50 52 4f 43 45 53 53 4f | 52 2e 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 |PROCESSO|R.... |
|000007e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 d4 48 | 45 20 cd 49 43 52 4f 50 | .H|E .ICROP|
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|00000800| 20 20 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | ......|........|
|00000810| f7 f7 f7 f7 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 d0 52 4f 42 41 |...... | .ROBA|
|00000820| 42 4c 59 20 54 48 45 20 | 53 49 4e 47 4c 45 20 4d |BLY THE |SINGLE M|
|00000830| 4f 53 54 20 49 4d 50 4f | 52 54 41 4e 54 20 46 41 |OST IMPO|RTANT FA|
|00000840| 43 54 4f 52 20 49 4e 20 | 54 48 45 20 41 52 43 48 |CTOR IN |THE ARCH|
|00000850| 49 54 45 43 54 55 52 45 | 20 4f 46 20 41 20 43 4f |ITECTURE| OF A CO|
|00000860| 4d 50 55 54 45 52 20 49 | 53 20 54 48 45 20 54 59 |MPUTER I|S THE TY|
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|00000970| 54 52 55 43 54 49 4f 4e | 53 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 |TRUCTION|S WHICH |
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|00000a30| 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 54 4f | 20 50 45 52 46 4f 52 4d |TIONS TO| PERFORM|
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|00000ab0| 56 45 52 53 49 4f 4e 20 | 4f 46 20 54 48 45 20 57 |VERSION |OF THE W|
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|00000af0| 46 55 4c 4c 59 20 44 49 | 53 43 55 53 53 45 44 20 |FULLY DI|SCUSSED |
|00000b00| 49 4e 20 46 55 54 55 52 | 45 20 43 4f 4c 55 4d 4e |IN FUTUR|E COLUMN|
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|00000b20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 c3 | 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 20 | .|OMPUTER |
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|00000b50| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 c3 | 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 20 |.. .|OMPUTER |
|00000b60| 4d 45 4d 4f 52 59 20 49 | 53 20 44 49 56 49 44 45 |MEMORY I|S DIVIDE|
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|00000b80| 2c 20 45 41 53 49 4c 59 | 20 4d 41 4e 41 47 45 44 |, EASILY| MANAGED|
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|00000ba0| 2c 20 43 41 4c 4c 45 44 | 20 27 42 59 54 45 53 27 |, CALLED| 'BYTES'|
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|00000bc0| 53 49 43 41 4c 4c 59 20 | 43 4f 4e 54 41 49 4e 45 |SICALLY |CONTAINE|
|00000bd0| 44 20 49 4e 20 53 50 45 | 43 49 41 4c 49 5a 45 44 |D IN SPE|CIALIZED|
|00000be0| 20 43 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 | 52 20 43 48 49 50 53 20 | COMPUTE|R CHIPS |
|00000bf0| 4b 4e 4f 57 4e 20 41 53 | 20 d2 c1 cd 20 28 d2 41 |KNOWN AS| ... (.A|
|00000c00| 4e 44 4f 4d 20 c1 43 43 | 45 53 53 20 cd 45 4d 4f |NDOM .CC|ESS .EMO|
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|00000c20| 20 cf 4e 4c 59 20 cd 45 | 4d 4f 52 59 29 20 43 48 | .NLY .E|MORY) CH|
|00000c30| 49 50 53 2e 20 d4 48 45 | 53 45 20 43 48 49 50 53 |IPS. .HE|SE CHIPS|
|00000c40| 20 41 52 45 20 57 49 52 | 45 44 20 49 4e 54 4f 20 | ARE WIR|ED INTO |
|00000c50| 54 48 45 20 43 4f 4d 50 | 55 54 45 52 20 49 4e 20 |THE COMP|UTER IN |
|00000c60| 53 55 43 48 20 41 20 57 | 41 59 20 54 48 41 54 20 |SUCH A W|AY THAT |
|00000c70| 45 41 43 48 20 42 59 54 | 45 20 48 41 53 20 49 54 |EACH BYT|E HAS IT|
|00000c80| 53 20 4f 57 4e 20 55 4e | 49 51 55 45 20 4c 4f 43 |S OWN UN|IQUE LOC|
|00000c90| 41 54 49 4f 4e 2c 20 4f | 52 20 27 41 44 44 52 45 |ATION, O|R 'ADDRE|
|00000ca0| 53 53 27 2e 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 d4 48 45 20 36 |SS'... | .HE 6|
|00000cb0| 35 31 30 20 c3 d0 d5 20 | 43 41 4e 20 41 43 43 45 |510 ... |CAN ACCE|
|00000cc0| 53 53 20 55 50 20 54 4f | 20 36 35 2c 35 33 36 20 |SS UP TO| 65,536 |
|00000cd0| 42 59 54 45 53 2c 20 4e | 55 4d 42 45 52 45 44 20 |BYTES, N|UMBERED |
|00000ce0| 46 52 4f 4d 20 41 44 44 | 52 45 53 53 20 30 20 55 |FROM ADD|RESS 0 U|
|00000cf0| 50 20 54 48 52 4f 55 47 | 48 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 |P THROUG|H ADDRES|
|00000d00| 53 20 36 35 35 33 35 2e | 20 20 d9 4f 55 20 41 52 |S 65535.| .OU AR|
|00000d10| 45 20 50 52 4f 42 41 42 | 4c 59 20 46 41 4d 49 4c |E PROBAB|LY FAMIL|
|00000d20| 49 41 52 20 57 49 54 48 | 20 54 48 45 20 d0 cf cb |IAR WITH| THE ...|
|00000d30| c5 20 43 4f 4d 4d 41 4e | 44 20 49 4e 20 c2 c1 d3 |. COMMAN|D IN ...|
|00000d40| c9 c3 20 57 48 49 43 48 | 20 52 45 51 55 49 52 45 |.. WHICH| REQUIRE|
|00000d50| 53 20 41 4e 20 41 44 44 | 52 45 53 53 20 41 4e 44 |S AN ADD|RESS AND|
|00000d60| 20 41 20 56 41 4c 55 45 | 20 41 53 20 50 41 52 41 | A VALUE| AS PARA|
|00000d70| 4d 45 54 45 52 53 2e 20 | 20 d7 45 4c 4c 2c 20 d0 |METERS. | .ELL, .|
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|00001370| 60 f2 60 f2 60 f2 60 f2 | 60 f2 60 f2 60 f2 60 ee |`.`.`.`.|`.`.`.`.|
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|00001390| dd 34 dd 33 dd 32 dd 31 | dd 30 dd 20 cc 4f 57 0d |.4.3.2.1|.0. .OW.|
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|000013b0| 60 f1 60 f1 60 f1 60 f1 | 60 fd 0d 0d ce 55 4d 42 |`.`.`.`.|`....UMB|
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|000013d0| 31 20 41 52 45 20 50 4f | 53 53 49 42 4c 45 20 42 |1 ARE PO|SSIBLE B|
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|000014d0| 50 52 45 53 45 4e 54 53 | 20 32 5e 31 2e 20 20 c2 |PRESENTS| 2^1. .|
|000014e0| 49 54 20 32 20 52 45 50 | 52 45 53 45 4e 54 53 20 |IT 2 REP|RESENTS |
|000014f0| 32 5e 32 2c 20 41 4e 44 | 20 53 4f 20 4f 4e 2e 20 |2^2, AND| SO ON. |
|00001500| 20 d4 48 45 20 54 41 42 | 4c 45 20 4f 4e 20 54 48 | .HE TAB|LE ON TH|
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|00001530| 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4e | 20 42 49 54 20 50 4f 53 | BETWEEN| BIT POS|
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|00001550| 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d f0 | 60 60 60 f2 60 60 f2 60 |........|```.``.`|
|00001560| 60 f2 60 60 f2 60 f2 60 | f2 60 f2 60 ee 20 c2 49 |`.``.`.`|.`.`. .I|
|00001570| 54 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 | 20 26 0d dd 20 20 37 dd |T NUMBER| &.. 7.|
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|00001590| dd 20 d0 4f 57 45 52 20 | 4f 46 20 54 57 4f 0d eb |. .OWER |OF TWO..|
|000015a0| 60 60 60 db 60 60 db 60 | 60 db 60 60 db 60 db 60 |```.``.`|`.``.`.`|
|000015b0| db 60 db 60 f3 0d dd 31 | 32 38 dd 36 34 dd 33 32 |.`.`...1|28.64.32|
|000015c0| dd 31 36 dd 38 dd 34 dd | 32 dd 31 dd 20 d7 45 49 |.16.8.4.|2.1. .EI|
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|000015e0| 60 f1 60 60 f1 60 f1 60 | f1 60 f1 60 fd 20 d6 41 |`.``.`.`|.`.`. .A|
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|00001620| 30 30 30 30 20 3d 20 36 | 34 0d 20 20 20 30 30 30 |0000 = 6|4. 000|
|00001630| 30 30 30 30 30 20 3d 20 | 30 0d 20 20 20 31 30 31 |00000 = |0. 101|
|00001640| 30 30 31 31 30 20 3d 20 | 31 32 38 2b 33 32 2b 34 |00110 = |128+32+4|
|00001650| 2b 32 20 3d 20 31 36 36 | 0d 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 |+2 = 166|. 0000|
|00001660| 31 31 31 31 20 3d 20 38 | 2b 34 2b 32 2b 31 20 3d |1111 = 8|+4+2+1 =|
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|00001680| 3d 20 31 32 38 2b 36 34 | 2b 33 32 2b 31 36 2b 38 |= 128+64|+32+16+8|
|00001690| 2b 34 2b 32 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |+4+2. | |
|000016a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
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|000016e0| 56 41 4c 55 45 20 4f 46 | 20 30 20 54 4f 20 32 35 |VALUE OF| 0 TO 25|
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|00001830| 56 41 4c 55 45 2e 0d 0d | 0d 0d 0d f0 60 60 60 60 |VALUE...|....````|
|00001840| 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | f2 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 |````````|.```````|
|00001850| f2 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 60 ee 0d dd |.```````|`````...|
|00001860| 20 c2 49 54 20 ce 55 4d | 42 45 52 20 dd 20 d6 41 | .IT .UM|BER . .A|
|00001870| 4c 55 45 20 dd 20 d0 4f | 57 45 52 20 4f 46 20 32 |LUE . .O|WER OF 2|
|00001880| 20 dd 0d eb 60 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | ...````|````````|
|00001890| db 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | db 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 |.```````|.```````|
|000018a0| 60 60 60 60 60 f3 0d dd | 20 20 20 20 20 38 20 20 |`````...| 8 |
|000018b0| 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 20 | 32 35 36 20 dd 20 20 20 | . |256 . |
|000018c0| 20 20 38 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 dd 0d dd 20 20 20 20 | 8 | ... |
|000018d0| 20 39 20 20 20 20 20 20 | dd 20 20 20 35 31 32 20 | 9 |. 512 |
|000018e0| dd 20 20 20 20 20 39 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 0d dd |. 9 | ...|
|000018f0| 20 20 20 20 31 30 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 31 | 10 | . 1|
|00001900| 30 32 34 20 dd 20 20 20 | 20 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 |024 . | 10 |
|00001910| 20 dd 0d dd 20 20 20 20 | 31 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ... |11 |
|00001920| dd 20 20 32 30 34 38 20 | dd 20 20 20 20 31 31 20 |. 2048 |. 11 |
|00001930| 20 20 20 20 20 dd 0d dd | 20 20 20 20 31 32 20 20 | ...| 12 |
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|00001950| 20 31 32 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 dd 0d dd 20 20 20 20 | 12 | ... |
|00001960| 31 33 20 20 20 20 20 20 | dd 20 20 38 31 39 32 20 |13 |. 8192 |
|00001970| dd 20 20 20 20 31 33 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 0d dd |. 13 | ...|
|00001980| 20 20 20 20 31 34 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 dd 20 31 36 | 14 | . 16|
|00001990| 33 38 34 20 dd 20 20 20 | 20 31 34 20 20 20 20 20 |384 . | 14 |
|000019a0| 20 dd 0d dd 20 20 20 20 | 31 35 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ... |15 |
|000019b0| dd 20 33 32 37 36 38 20 | dd 20 20 20 20 31 35 20 |. 32768 |. 15 |
|000019c0| 20 20 20 20 20 dd 0d ed | 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | ...|````````|
|000019d0| 60 60 60 60 f1 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 f1 60 60 60 |````.```|````.```|
|000019e0| 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 | 60 fd 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 |````````|`..... |
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|00001c70| 53 49 4e 47 20 4d 4f 44 | 45 53 20 4f 46 20 54 48 |SING MOD|ES OF TH|
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|00001cb0| 20 20 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | ......|........|
|00001cc0| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 cf 4e 45 |........| .NE|
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|00001ce0| 54 49 45 53 20 57 49 54 | 48 20 42 49 4e 41 52 59 |TIES WIT|H BINARY|
|00001cf0| 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 53 | 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 | NUMBERS| IS THE |
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|00001d30| 20 c6 4f 52 20 45 58 41 | 4d 50 4c 45 2c 20 48 45 | .OR EXA|MPLE, HE|
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|00001d50| 20 4f 46 20 42 49 4e 41 | 52 59 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 | OF BINA|RY NUMBE|
|00001d60| 52 53 2e 20 20 d4 52 59 | 20 54 4f 20 46 49 4e 44 |RS. .RY| TO FIND|
|00001d70| 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 | 48 45 59 20 44 49 46 46 | WHERE T|HEY DIFF|
|00001d80| 45 52 3a 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 |ER:.. | 11|
|00001d90| 30 31 31 31 30 30 20 20 | 31 31 30 31 31 31 30 30 |011100 |11011100|
|00001da0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 31 31 31 30 31 31 |. | 111011|
|00001db0| 31 30 20 20 31 31 31 30 | 31 31 31 30 0d 20 20 20 |10 1110|1110. |
|00001dc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 | 31 31 30 31 31 31 20 20 | 11|110111 |
|00001dd0| 31 31 31 31 30 31 31 31 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |11110111|. |
|00001de0| 20 20 31 30 31 30 31 31 | 30 31 20 20 31 30 31 31 | 101011|01 1011|
|00001df0| 30 31 30 31 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 |0101. | 11|
|00001e00| 31 31 30 31 31 30 20 20 | 31 31 31 31 30 31 31 30 |110110 |11110110|
|00001e10| 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | cc 49 53 54 49 4e 47 20 |... |.ISTING |
|00001e20| 54 48 45 20 4e 55 4d 42 | 45 52 53 20 49 4e 20 c2 |THE NUMB|ERS IN .|
|00001e30| 41 53 45 20 31 30 20 28 | 44 45 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 |ASE 10 (|DECIMAL |
|00001e40| 52 45 50 52 45 53 45 4e | 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 29 20 |REPRESEN|TATION) |
|00001e50| 4d 41 4b 45 53 20 54 48 | 45 20 4a 4f 42 20 4d 55 |MAKES TH|E JOB MU|
|00001e60| 43 48 20 45 41 53 49 45 | 52 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 |CH EASIE|R... |
|00001e70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 32 32 30 20 20 32 | | 220 2|
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|00001e90| 20 32 33 38 20 20 32 33 | 38 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 238 23|8. |
|00001ea0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 32 34 37 20 20 32 34 37 | |247 247|
|00001eb0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |. | 1|
|00001ec0| 37 33 20 20 31 38 31 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |73 181.| |
|00001ed0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 34 | 36 20 20 32 34 36 0d 0d | 24|6 246..|
|00001ee0| 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 c8 4f 57 45 56 45 52 |.... | .OWEVER|
|00001ef0| 2c 20 c2 41 53 45 20 31 | 30 20 49 53 20 4f 46 54 |, .ASE 1|0 IS OFT|
|00001f00| 45 4e 20 4e 4f 54 20 54 | 48 45 20 4f 50 54 49 4d |EN NOT T|HE OPTIM|
|00001f10| 55 4d 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 | 52 20 42 41 53 45 20 54 |UM NUMBE|R BASE T|
|00001f20| 4f 20 55 53 45 20 57 48 | 45 4e 20 57 4f 52 4b 49 |O USE WH|EN WORKI|
|00001f30| 4e 47 20 57 49 54 48 20 | 43 4f 4d 50 55 54 45 52 |NG WITH |COMPUTER|
|00001f40| 53 2e 20 20 d4 48 45 20 | 52 45 41 53 4f 4e 20 49 |S. .HE |REASON I|
|00001f50| 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 | 54 20 49 53 20 46 52 45 |S THAT I|T IS FRE|
|00001f60| 51 55 45 4e 54 4c 59 20 | 4e 45 43 45 53 53 41 52 |QUENTLY |NECESSAR|
|00001f70| 59 20 54 4f 20 50 45 52 | 46 4f 52 4d 20 4f 50 45 |Y TO PER|FORM OPE|
|00001f80| 52 41 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 | 4f 4e 20 49 4e 44 49 56 |RATIONS |ON INDIV|
|00001f90| 49 44 55 41 4c 20 42 49 | 54 53 20 57 49 54 48 49 |IDUAL BI|TS WITHI|
|00001fa0| 4e 20 41 20 42 59 54 45 | 2c 20 45 53 50 45 43 49 |N A BYTE|, ESPECI|
|00001fb0| 41 4c 4c 59 20 57 48 45 | 4e 20 50 52 4f 47 52 41 |ALLY WHE|N PROGRA|
|00001fc0| 4d 4d 49 4e 47 20 41 54 | 20 54 48 45 20 cd cc 20 |MMING AT| THE .. |
|00001fd0| 4c 45 56 45 4c 2e 20 20 | c6 4f 52 20 45 58 41 4d |LEVEL. |.OR EXAM|
|00001fe0| 50 4c 45 2c 20 43 41 4e | 20 59 4f 55 20 54 45 4c |PLE, CAN| YOU TEL|
|00001ff0| 4c 20 49 46 20 42 49 54 | 20 33 20 49 53 20 53 45 |L IF BIT| 3 IS SE|
|00002000| 54 20 49 4e 20 41 20 42 | 59 54 45 20 4f 46 20 56 |T IN A B|YTE OF V|
|00002010| 41 4c 55 45 20 31 35 31 | 3f 20 20 28 c9 54 20 49 |ALUE 151|? (.T I|
|00002020| 53 4e 27 54 29 2e 20 20 | c9 54 20 54 48 45 52 45 |SN'T). |.T THERE|
|00002030| 46 4f 52 45 20 42 45 43 | 4f 4d 45 53 20 4e 45 43 |FORE BEC|OMES NEC|
|00002040| 45 53 53 41 52 59 20 54 | 4f 20 43 4f 4e 56 45 52 |ESSARY T|O CONVER|
|00002050| 54 20 54 4f 20 c2 41 53 | 45 20 32 20 42 45 46 4f |T TO .AS|E 2 BEFO|
|00002060| 52 45 20 4f 4e 45 20 43 | 41 4e 20 4b 4e 4f 57 2e |RE ONE C|AN KNOW.|
|00002070| 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 d4 48 45 20 42 45 53 |.... | .HE BES|
|00002080| 54 20 4f 46 20 42 4f 54 | 48 20 57 4f 52 4c 44 53 |T OF BOT|H WORLDS|
|00002090| 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 | 48 45 58 41 44 45 43 49 | IS THE |HEXADECI|
|000020a0| 4d 41 4c 2c 20 4f 52 20 | c2 41 53 45 20 31 36 2c |MAL, OR |.ASE 16,|
|000020b0| 20 52 45 50 52 45 53 45 | 4e 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 | REPRESE|NTATION |
|000020c0| 4f 46 20 42 59 54 45 53 | 2e 20 20 c8 45 58 41 44 |OF BYTES|. .EXAD|
|000020d0| 45 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 28 | 48 45 58 20 46 4f 52 20 |ECIMAL (|HEX FOR |
|000020e0| 53 48 4f 52 54 29 20 4e | 4f 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 |SHORT) N|OTATION |
|000020f0| 52 45 41 44 49 4c 59 20 | 4c 45 4e 44 53 20 49 54 |READILY |LENDS IT|
|00002100| 53 45 4c 46 20 54 4f 20 | 42 49 4e 41 52 59 20 43 |SELF TO |BINARY C|
|00002110| 4f 4e 56 45 52 53 49 4f | 4e 20 41 4e 44 20 49 53 |ONVERSIO|N AND IS|
|00002120| 20 41 4c 53 4f 20 4d 55 | 43 48 20 45 41 53 49 45 | ALSO MU|CH EASIE|
|00002130| 52 20 46 4f 52 20 48 55 | 4d 41 4e 53 20 54 4f 20 |R FOR HU|MANS TO |
|00002140| 43 4f 4d 50 52 45 48 45 | 4e 44 20 54 48 41 4e 20 |COMPREHE|ND THAN |
|00002150| 42 49 4e 41 52 59 2e 0d | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 c1 |BINARY..|.. .|
|00002160| 20 43 4f 4e 56 45 4e 54 | 49 4f 4e 20 49 4e 20 36 | CONVENT|ION IN 6|
|00002170| 35 31 30 20 cd cc 20 4e | 4f 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 |510 .. N|OTATION |
|00002180| 49 53 20 54 4f 20 50 52 | 45 46 41 43 45 20 45 41 |IS TO PR|EFACE EA|
|00002190| 43 48 20 48 45 58 20 4e | 55 4d 42 45 52 20 57 49 |CH HEX N|UMBER WI|
|000021a0| 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 24 | 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 |TH THE $| CHARACT|
|000021b0| 45 52 2e 20 d4 48 49 53 | 20 49 53 20 53 4f 20 48 |ER. .HIS| IS SO H|
|000021c0| 45 58 20 4e 55 4d 42 45 | 52 53 20 43 41 4e 20 42 |EX NUMBE|RS CAN B|
|000021d0| 45 20 45 41 53 49 4c 59 | 20 44 49 53 54 49 4e 47 |E EASILY| DISTING|
|000021e0| 55 49 53 48 45 44 20 46 | 52 4f 4d 20 44 45 43 49 |UISHED F|ROM DECI|
|000021f0| 4d 41 4c 20 4e 55 4d 42 | 45 52 53 2e 20 c9 4e 20 |MAL NUMB|ERS. .N |
|00002200| 48 45 58 2c 20 4f 55 52 | 20 4c 49 53 54 53 20 41 |HEX, OUR| LISTS A|
|00002210| 52 45 3a 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |RE:.. | |
|00002220| 20 20 20 24 c4 c3 20 20 | 24 c4 c3 0d 20 20 20 20 | $.. |$... |
|00002230| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 24 c5 c5 20 20 24 | | $.. $|
|00002240| c5 c5 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... | |
|00002250| 20 24 c6 37 20 20 24 c6 | 37 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | $.7 $.|7. |
|00002260| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 24 c1 c4 20 20 24 c2 35 | |$.. $.5|
|00002270| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 |. | $|
|00002280| c6 36 20 20 24 c6 36 0d | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 cf |.6 $.6.|.. .|
|00002290| 4e 45 20 48 45 58 41 44 | 45 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 44 |NE HEXAD|ECIMAL D|
|000022a0| 49 47 49 54 20 52 45 50 | 52 45 53 45 4e 54 53 20 |IGIT REP|RESENTS |
|000022b0| 34 20 42 49 54 53 20 28 | 43 41 4c 4c 45 44 20 41 |4 BITS (|CALLED A|
|000022c0| 20 4e 49 42 42 4c 45 29 | 2c 20 53 4f 20 4f 4e 4c | NIBBLE)|, SO ONL|
|000022d0| 59 20 54 57 4f 20 48 45 | 58 20 44 49 47 49 54 53 |Y TWO HE|X DIGITS|
|000022e0| 20 52 45 50 52 45 53 45 | 4e 54 20 41 4e 59 20 42 | REPRESE|NT ANY B|
|000022f0| 59 54 45 20 28 56 41 4c | 55 45 20 30 2d 32 35 35 |YTE (VAL|UE 0-255|
|00002300| 29 2e 20 20 c6 4f 55 52 | 20 48 45 58 20 44 49 47 |). .OUR| HEX DIG|
|00002310| 49 54 53 20 41 52 45 20 | 55 53 45 44 20 54 4f 20 |ITS ARE |USED TO |
|00002320| 52 45 50 52 45 53 45 4e | 54 20 41 4e 20 41 44 44 |REPRESEN|T AN ADD|
|00002330| 52 45 53 53 20 28 56 41 | 4c 55 45 20 30 2d 36 35 |RESS (VA|LUE 0-65|
|00002340| 35 33 35 29 2e 20 20 d4 | 48 45 20 4d 41 58 49 4d |535). .|HE MAXIM|
|00002350| 55 4d 20 56 41 4c 55 45 | 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 46 |UM VALUE| WHICH F|
|00002360| 4f 55 52 20 42 49 54 53 | 20 43 41 4e 20 52 45 50 |OUR BITS| CAN REP|
|00002370| 52 45 53 45 4e 54 20 49 | 53 20 31 35 20 28 38 2b |RESENT I|S 15 (8+|
|00002380| 34 2b 32 2b 31 29 2e 20 | 20 ce 55 4d 42 45 52 53 |4+2+1). | .UMBERS|
|00002390| 20 5a 45 52 4f 20 54 48 | 52 4f 55 47 48 20 4e 49 | ZERO TH|ROUGH NI|
|000023a0| 4e 45 20 41 52 45 20 52 | 45 50 52 45 53 45 4e 54 |NE ARE R|EPRESENT|
|000023b0| 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 | 45 20 4e 55 4d 45 52 49 |ED BY TH|E NUMERI|
|000023c0| 43 20 53 59 4d 42 4f 4c | 53 20 30 2d 39 2e 20 20 |C SYMBOL|S 0-9. |
|000023d0| d6 41 4c 55 45 53 20 54 | 45 4e 20 54 48 52 4f 55 |.ALUES T|EN THROU|
|000023e0| 47 48 20 46 49 46 54 45 | 45 4e 20 41 52 45 20 52 |GH FIFTE|EN ARE R|
|000023f0| 45 50 52 45 53 45 4e 54 | 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 |EPRESENT|ED BY TH|
|00002400| 45 20 53 59 4d 42 4f 4c | 53 20 c1 2d c6 2e 20 c1 |E SYMBOL|S .-.. .|
|00002410| 20 43 4f 4e 56 45 52 53 | 49 4f 4e 20 54 41 42 4c | CONVERS|ION TABL|
|00002420| 45 20 49 53 20 47 49 56 | 45 4e 20 4f 4e 20 54 48 |E IS GIV|EN ON TH|
|00002430| 45 20 4e 45 58 54 20 54 | 57 4f 20 50 41 47 45 53 |E NEXT T|WO PAGES|
|00002440| 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 f0 60 60 60 60 60 |..... | .`````|
|00002450| 60 60 60 60 f2 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 60 f2 60 60 |````.```|`````.``|
|00002460| 60 60 60 ee 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 44 45 43 49 |```.. | . DECI|
|00002470| 4d 41 4c 20 dd 20 42 49 | 4e 41 52 59 20 dd 20 48 |MAL . BI|NARY . H|
|00002480| 45 58 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 eb 60 60 60 60 60 |EX .. | .`````|
|00002490| 60 60 60 60 db 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 60 db 60 60 |````.```|`````.``|
|000024a0| 60 60 60 f3 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 |```.. | . |
|000024b0| 30 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 30 30 30 20 20 dd 20 20 |0 . 0|000 . |
|000024c0| 20 30 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 0 .. | . |
|000024d0| 31 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 30 30 31 20 20 dd 20 20 |1 . 0|001 . |
|000024e0| 20 31 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 1 .. | . |
|000024f0| 32 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 30 31 30 20 20 dd 20 20 |2 . 0|010 . |
|00002500| 20 32 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 2 .. | . |
|00002510| 33 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 30 31 31 20 20 dd 20 20 |3 . 0|011 . |
|00002520| 20 33 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 3 .. | . |
|00002530| 34 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 31 30 30 20 20 dd 20 20 |4 . 0|100 . |
|00002540| 20 34 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 4 .. | . |
|00002550| 35 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 31 30 31 20 20 dd 20 20 |5 . 0|101 . |
|00002560| 20 35 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 5 .. | . |
|00002570| 36 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 31 31 30 20 20 dd 20 20 |6 . 0|110 . |
|00002580| 20 36 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 dd 20 20 20 20 20 | 6 .. | . |
|00002590| 37 20 20 20 dd 20 20 30 | 31 31 31 20 20 dd 20 20 |7 . 0|111 . |
|000025a0| 20 37 20 dd 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 ed 60 60 60 60 60 | 7 .. | .`````|
|000025b0| 60 60 60 60 f1 60 60 60 | 60 60 60 60 60 f1 60 60 |````.```|`````.``|
|000025c0| 60 60 60 fd 0d 0d 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 f0 60 60 |```.....| .``|
|000025d0| 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 f2 | 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 |```````.|````````|
|000025e0| f2 60 60 60 60 60 ee 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 44 |.`````..| . D|
|000025f0| 45 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 dd | 20 42 49 4e 41 52 59 20 |ECIMAL .| BINARY |
|00002600| dd 20 48 45 58 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 eb 60 60 |. HEX ..| .``|
|00002610| 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 db | 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 |```````.|````````|
|00002620| db 60 60 60 60 60 f3 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |.`````..| . |
|00002630| 20 20 20 38 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 30 30 30 20 20 | 8 .| 1000 |
|00002640| dd 20 20 20 38 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. 8 ..| . |
|00002650| 20 20 20 39 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 30 30 31 20 20 | 9 .| 1001 |
|00002660| dd 20 20 20 39 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. 9 ..| . |
|00002670| 20 20 31 30 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 30 31 30 20 20 | 10 .| 1010 |
|00002680| dd 20 20 20 c1 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. . ..| . |
|00002690| 20 20 31 31 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 30 31 31 20 20 | 11 .| 1011 |
|000026a0| dd 20 20 20 c2 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. . ..| . |
|000026b0| 20 20 31 32 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 31 30 30 20 20 | 12 .| 1100 |
|000026c0| dd 20 20 20 c3 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. . ..| . |
|000026d0| 20 20 31 33 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 31 30 31 20 20 | 13 .| 1101 |
|000026e0| dd 20 20 20 c4 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. . ..| . |
|000026f0| 20 20 31 34 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 31 31 30 20 20 | 14 .| 1110 |
|00002700| dd 20 20 20 c5 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 dd 20 20 |. . ..| . |
|00002710| 20 20 31 35 20 20 20 dd | 20 20 31 31 31 31 20 20 | 15 .| 1111 |
|00002720| dd 20 20 20 c6 20 dd 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 ed 60 60 |. . ..| .``|
|00002730| 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 f1 | 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 |```````.|````````|
|00002740| f1 60 60 60 60 60 fd 0d | 0d 0d 0d 20 c8 45 58 41 |.`````..|... .EXA|
|00002750| 44 45 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 | 54 4f 20 c4 45 43 49 4d |DECIMAL |TO .ECIM|
|00002760| 41 4c 20 c3 4f 4e 56 45 | 52 53 49 4f 4e 0d 20 f7 |AL .ONVE|RSION. .|
|00002770| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 |........|........|
|00002780| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 |........|........|
|00002790| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 c1 | 20 46 4f 55 52 20 44 49 |.. .| FOUR DI|
|000027a0| 47 49 54 20 48 45 58 20 | 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 20 48 |GIT HEX |NUMBER H|
|000027b0| 41 53 20 57 45 49 47 48 | 54 53 20 4f 46 20 31 36 |AS WEIGH|TS OF 16|
|000027c0| 5e 33 2c 20 31 36 5e 32 | 2c 20 31 36 5e 31 2c 20 |^3, 16^2|, 16^1, |
|000027d0| 41 4e 44 20 31 36 5e 30 | 20 46 4f 52 20 45 41 43 |AND 16^0| FOR EAC|
|000027e0| 48 20 44 49 47 49 54 2c | 20 53 54 41 52 54 49 4e |H DIGIT,| STARTIN|
|000027f0| 47 20 46 52 4f 4d 20 54 | 48 45 20 4c 45 46 54 4d |G FROM T|HE LEFTM|
|00002800| 4f 53 54 20 44 49 47 49 | 54 2e 20 20 d4 48 49 53 |OST DIGI|T. .HIS|
|00002810| 20 43 4f 52 52 45 53 50 | 4f 4e 44 53 20 54 4f 20 | CORRESP|ONDS TO |
|00002820| 54 48 45 20 44 45 43 49 | 4d 41 4c 20 53 59 53 54 |THE DECI|MAL SYST|
|00002830| 45 4d 20 57 48 45 52 45 | 20 41 20 46 4f 55 52 20 |EM WHERE| A FOUR |
|00002840| 44 49 47 49 54 20 44 45 | 43 49 4d 41 4c 20 4e 55 |DIGIT DE|CIMAL NU|
|00002850| 4d 42 45 52 20 48 41 53 | 20 57 45 49 47 48 54 53 |MBER HAS| WEIGHTS|
|00002860| 20 4f 46 20 31 30 5e 33 | 20 28 31 30 30 30 29 2c | OF 10^3| (1000),|
|00002870| 20 31 30 5e 32 20 28 31 | 30 30 29 2c 20 31 30 5e | 10^2 (1|00), 10^|
|00002880| 31 20 28 31 30 29 2c 20 | 41 4e 44 20 31 30 5e 30 |1 (10), |AND 10^0|
|00002890| 20 28 31 29 2e 0d 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 d4 4f 20 43 | (1)... | .O C|
|000028a0| 4f 4e 56 45 52 54 20 41 | 20 46 4f 55 52 20 44 49 |ONVERT A| FOUR DI|
|000028b0| 47 49 54 20 48 45 58 20 | 4e 55 4d 42 45 52 20 54 |GIT HEX |NUMBER T|
|000028c0| 4f 20 44 45 43 49 4d 41 | 4c 2c 20 4d 55 4c 54 49 |O DECIMA|L, MULTI|
|000028d0| 50 4c 59 20 54 48 45 20 | 46 49 52 53 54 20 44 49 |PLY THE |FIRST DI|
|000028e0| 47 49 54 20 42 59 20 34 | 30 39 36 20 28 31 36 5e |GIT BY 4|096 (16^|
|000028f0| 33 29 2c 20 54 48 45 20 | 53 45 43 4f 4e 44 20 44 |3), THE |SECOND D|
|00002900| 49 47 49 54 20 42 59 20 | 32 35 36 20 28 31 36 5e |IGIT BY |256 (16^|
|00002910| 32 29 2c 20 41 4e 44 20 | 54 48 45 20 54 48 49 52 |2), AND |THE THIR|
|00002920| 44 20 44 49 47 49 54 20 | 42 59 20 31 36 20 28 31 |D DIGIT |BY 16 (1|
|00002930| 36 5e 31 29 2e 20 20 d4 | 48 45 4e 20 41 44 44 20 |6^1). .|HEN ADD |
|00002940| 54 48 45 20 54 48 52 45 | 45 20 52 45 53 55 4c 54 |THE THRE|E RESULT|
|00002950| 53 20 54 4f 20 54 48 45 | 20 46 4f 55 52 54 48 20 |S TO THE| FOURTH |
|00002960| 44 49 47 49 54 2e 0d 0d | 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 |DIGIT...|....... |
|00002970| 20 c8 45 58 41 44 45 43 | 49 4d 41 4c 20 54 4f 20 | .EXADEC|IMAL TO |
|00002980| c2 49 4e 41 52 59 20 c3 | 4f 4e 56 45 52 53 49 4f |.INARY .|ONVERSIO|
|00002990| 4e 0d 20 20 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 |N. ....|........|
|000029a0| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 |........|........|
|000029b0| f7 f7 f7 f7 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 d4 4f 20 43 4f |...... | .O CO|
|000029c0| 4e 56 45 52 54 20 48 45 | 58 20 54 4f 20 42 49 4e |NVERT HE|X TO BIN|
|000029d0| 41 52 59 2c 20 4a 55 53 | 54 20 52 45 4d 45 4d 42 |ARY, JUS|T REMEMB|
|000029e0| 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 | 45 41 43 48 20 48 45 58 |ER THAT |EACH HEX|
|000029f0| 20 44 49 47 49 54 20 52 | 45 50 52 45 53 45 4e 54 | DIGIT R|EPRESENT|
|00002a00| 53 20 46 4f 55 52 20 42 | 49 54 53 20 41 4e 44 20 |S FOUR B|ITS AND |
|00002a10| 53 55 42 53 54 49 54 55 | 54 45 20 55 53 49 4e 47 |SUBSTITU|TE USING|
|00002a20| 20 41 20 43 4f 4e 56 45 | 52 53 49 4f 4e 20 54 41 | A CONVE|RSION TA|
|00002a30| 42 4c 45 2e 20 20 c6 4f | 52 20 45 58 41 4d 50 4c |BLE. .O|R EXAMPL|
|00002a40| 45 2c 20 54 4f 20 43 4f | 4e 56 45 52 54 20 54 48 |E, TO CO|NVERT TH|
|00002a50| 45 20 48 45 58 20 4e 55 | 4d 42 45 52 20 24 c6 c2 |E HEX NU|MBER $..|
|00002a60| 31 38 2c 20 57 45 20 45 | 4e 44 20 55 50 20 57 49 |18, WE E|ND UP WI|
|00002a70| 54 48 20 54 48 49 53 3a | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TH THIS:|.. |
|00002a80| 20 20 20 20 c6 20 20 20 | 20 c2 20 20 20 20 31 20 | . | . 1 |
|00002a90| 20 20 20 38 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 | 8.. | 11|
|00002aa0| 31 31 20 31 30 31 31 20 | 30 30 30 31 20 31 30 30 |11 1011 |0001 100|
|00002ab0| 30 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 c4 45 43 49 4d |0... | .ECIM|
|00002ac0| 41 4c 20 54 4f 20 c8 45 | 58 41 44 45 43 49 4d 41 |AL TO .E|XADECIMA|
|00002ad0| 4c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 |L. | .......|
|00002ae0| f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 | f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 f7 0d |........|........|
|00002af0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 c3 4f | 4e 56 45 52 54 49 4e 47 |. .O|NVERTING|
|00002b00| 20 44 45 43 49 4d 41 4c | 20 54 4f 20 48 45 58 20 | DECIMAL| TO HEX |
|00002b10| 49 53 20 41 20 4c 49 54 | 54 4c 45 20 4d 4f 52 45 |IS A LIT|TLE MORE|
|00002b20| 20 49 4e 56 4f 4c 56 45 | 44 2e 20 20 c6 49 52 53 | INVOLVE|D. .IRS|
|00002b30| 54 2c 20 44 49 56 49 44 | 45 20 54 48 45 20 4e 55 |T, DIVID|E THE NU|
|00002b40| 4d 42 45 52 20 42 59 20 | 34 30 39 36 2e 20 20 c9 |MBER BY |4096. .|
|00002b50| 47 4e 4f 52 49 4e 47 20 | 41 4e 59 20 46 52 41 43 |GNORING |ANY FRAC|
|00002b60| 54 49 4f 4e 41 4c 20 56 | 41 4c 55 45 20 46 4f 52 |TIONAL V|ALUE FOR|
|00002b70| 20 54 48 45 20 54 49 4d | 45 20 42 45 49 4e 47 2c | THE TIM|E BEING,|
|00002b80| 20 54 48 45 20 49 4e 54 | 45 47 45 52 20 56 41 4c | THE INT|EGER VAL|
|00002b90| 55 45 20 49 53 20 54 48 | 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 2c |UE IS TH|E FIRST,|
|00002ba0| 20 4d 4f 53 54 20 53 49 | 47 4e 49 46 49 47 41 4e | MOST SI|GNIFIGAN|
|00002bb0| 54 20 48 45 58 20 44 49 | 47 49 54 2e 20 20 d7 52 |T HEX DI|GIT. .R|
|00002bc0| 49 54 45 20 54 48 49 53 | 20 44 4f 57 4e 2c 20 54 |ITE THIS| DOWN, T|
|00002bd0| 48 45 4e 20 4d 55 4c 54 | 49 50 4c 59 20 54 48 45 |HEN MULT|IPLY THE|
|00002be0| 20 46 52 41 43 54 49 4f | 4e 20 42 59 20 31 36 2e | FRACTIO|N BY 16.|
|00002bf0| 20 20 d4 48 49 53 20 47 | 49 56 45 53 20 55 53 20 | .HIS G|IVES US |
|00002c00| 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 4f | 4e 44 20 4d 4f 53 54 20 |THE SECO|ND MOST |
|00002c10| 53 49 47 4e 49 46 49 47 | 41 4e 54 20 48 45 58 20 |SIGNIFIG|ANT HEX |
|00002c20| 44 49 47 49 54 2e 20 20 | cd 55 4c 54 49 50 4c 59 |DIGIT. |.ULTIPLY|
|00002c30| 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 4d | 41 49 4e 49 4e 47 20 46 | THE REM|AINING F|
|00002c40| 52 41 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 | 42 59 20 31 36 2e 20 20 |RACTION |BY 16. |
|00002c50| d4 48 49 53 20 47 49 56 | 45 53 20 55 53 20 54 48 |.HIS GIV|ES US TH|
|00002c60| 45 20 54 48 49 52 44 20 | 44 49 47 49 54 2e 20 20 |E THIRD |DIGIT. |
|00002c70| cd 55 4c 54 49 50 4c 59 | 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 4d |.ULTIPLY| THE REM|
|00002c80| 41 49 4e 49 4e 47 20 46 | 52 41 43 54 49 4f 4e 20 |AINING F|RACTION |
|00002c90| 42 59 20 31 36 2e 20 20 | d4 48 49 53 20 47 49 56 |BY 16. |.HIS GIV|
|00002ca0| 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 46 | 4f 55 52 54 48 20 41 4e |ES THE F|OURTH AN|
|00002cb0| 44 20 4c 41 53 54 20 48 | 45 58 20 44 49 47 49 54 |D LAST H|EX DIGIT|
|00002cc0| 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | c9 4e 20 4d 4f 4e 54 48 |... |.N MONTH|
|00002cd0| 53 20 54 4f 20 43 4f 4d | 45 2c 20 57 45 20 57 49 |S TO COM|E, WE WI|
|00002ce0| 4c 4c 20 45 58 50 4c 41 | 49 4e 20 4d 41 43 48 49 |LL EXPLA|IN MACHI|
|00002cf0| 4e 45 2d 4c 41 4e 47 55 | 41 47 45 20 4d 4f 4e 49 |NE-LANGU|AGE MONI|
|00002d00| 54 4f 52 53 2c 20 41 4e | 44 20 41 53 53 45 4d 42 |TORS, AN|D ASSEMB|
|00002d10| 4c 45 52 53 2e 20 20 c9 | 46 20 59 4f 55 20 44 4f |LERS. .|F YOU DO|
|00002d20| 4e 27 54 20 41 4c 52 45 | 41 44 59 20 48 41 56 45 |N'T ALRE|ADY HAVE|
|00002d30| 20 41 4e 20 41 53 53 45 | 4d 42 4c 45 52 20 57 45 | AN ASSE|MBLER WE|
|00002d40| 20 52 45 43 4f 4d 4d 45 | 4e 44 20 59 4f 55 20 50 | RECOMME|ND YOU P|
|00002d50| 55 52 43 48 41 53 45 20 | 54 48 45 20 cd c1 c5 20 |URCHASE |THE ... |
|00002d60| 41 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 | 52 2e 20 20 c9 54 20 49 |ASSEMBLE|R. .T I|
|00002d70| 53 20 41 4e 20 45 58 43 | 45 4c 4c 45 4e 54 20 41 |S AN EXC|ELLENT A|
|00002d80| 53 53 45 4d 42 4c 45 52 | 2c 20 57 49 44 45 4c 59 |SSEMBLER|, WIDELY|
|00002d90| 20 41 56 41 49 4c 41 42 | 4c 45 2c 20 41 4e 44 20 | AVAILAB|LE, AND |
|00002da0| 49 4e 45 58 50 45 4e 53 | 49 56 45 2e 20 20 d7 45 |INEXPENS|IVE. .E|
|00002db0| 20 57 49 4c 4c 20 42 45 | 20 55 53 49 4e 47 20 49 | WILL BE| USING I|
|00002dc0| 54 20 45 58 43 4c 55 53 | 49 56 45 4c 59 20 49 4e |T EXCLUS|IVELY IN|
|00002dd0| 20 54 48 49 53 20 43 4f | 4c 55 4d 4e 2e 20 20 c6 | THIS CO|LUMN. .|
|00002de0| 4f 52 20 41 20 4d 4f 4e | 49 54 4f 52 2c 20 57 45 |OR A MON|ITOR, WE|
|00002df0| 20 57 4f 55 4c 44 20 52 | 45 43 4f 4d 4d 45 4e 44 | WOULD R|ECOMMEND|
|00002e00| 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 | d3 55 50 45 52 4d 4f 4e | EITHER |.UPERMON|
|00002e10| 2d 36 34 20 4f 52 20 cd | 49 43 52 4f 4d 4f 4e 2e |-64 OR .|ICROMON.|
|00002e20| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 c8 41 50 50 |.. | .APP|
|00002e30| 59 20 43 4f 4d 50 55 54 | 49 4e 47 2e 0d |Y COMPUT|ING.. |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
